CHAPTER6
TERMINAL MODE

                         CHAPTER 6

                       TERMINAL MODE

After you have performed the installation procedure, you will have a DOS3.3 or
ProDOS work disk configured for your system. Your work disk shouldhave the
following files on it:

          DOS 3.3             ProDOS
          ~~~~~~~             ~~~~~~

          HELLO               PRODOS
          MDMO                MMGR.SYSTEM
          MDM1                MDP0
          MDM2                MDP1
          MDM3                MDP2
          MDM4                MDP3
                              MDP4
                              MDP5

There are probably many other additional files on your work disk, but these
listed files are the minimum required.

When you boot your work disk, the MMGR.SYSTEM (ProDOS) or HELLO (DOS 3.3)
program will automatically run. This will load some of the other programs and
perform initialization. After the initialization is completed, the terminal
program will load and execute. The terminal mode allows you to communicate with
other systems. If you are online with another system, any text received will be
displayed on your video screen and any character keys you type on the keyboard
will result in the transmission of those characters to the other system.

When you enter the terminal mode for the first time, you probably have not yet
established contact with another system. There are several terminal commands
which will allow you to make a connection. To enter a command, you must be in
the terminal command mode.  Press the [ESC ] key to enter the terminal command
mode and you will see the following prompt:

          Command?-->


          Disk functions           <BUFFER>
          E:Emulation ON/OFF       A:Auto save
          I:Insert auto LF         B:Buffer ON/OFF
          K:Klock ON/OFF           C:Clear
          L:Look at status         R:Restore
          N:New emulation          S:Space
          P:Printer ON/OFF         V:View
          Q:Quit                   _:Flush
          U:Unattended
          Y:Filetransfer           <MODEM/PHONE>
          Z:Editor                 F:FUll/half duplex
          @:Exec macro             G:Get Number/Help
          0:Load function keys     H:Hangup
          1-9:Function keys        J:Parity/length
          <:Time/timer             M:Modem baud rate
          ;:Reset timer            O:Orig to answer
          ^:Send break             T:Telephone dial
          ^V:Snapshot              X:XON/XOFF

               Figure 6-1. Terminal Command Menu

If you want to exit the terminal command mode and return to the terminal mode,
just enter a [RETURN] and you will be back in the terminal mode ready to receive
and send text.

If you enter [ESC] to enter the terminal command mode (remember the
"Command?-->" prompt will appear) and enter a question mark (?) as a command,
you will see the menu shown in figure 6-1. This menu lists all of the commands
available in the terminal command mode (except the ? command). If you are using
the split video mode, the menu will have a slightly different format.


TERMINAL COMMANDS

You may enter a terminal command by typing the [ESC] key followed by a single
letter, number, or punctuation character. You may also enter a terminal command
by holding down the oa- key while you type the letter, number, or punctuation
character (if you have a IIGS, //c, or //e). If you use the oa- key method, the
"Command?-->" prompt will not appear. Most commands will return to the terminal
mode after the command has been executed. Some commands will lead to secondary
command modes where you can enter additional commands.

You may enter most command sequences as fast as you can type them on the
keyboard. For example, suppose you are in the terminal mode and you want to see
the disk catalog. Enter [ESC] for the command prompt, enter D for the disk menu,
then enter C to display the disk catalog. When you are in the terminal mode
again, enter the same commands, except type the sequence [ESC] D C as fast as
you can. (Don't type the spaces which are included for clarity.) You will see
the disk catalog again with the disk menu appearing only briefly. When you
become familiar with the com mands in this program you do not have to wait for
the menus. The menus are there if you need them, but they will not slow you
down.

In the above example, you may also use oa- D followed by C if you have a IIGS,
//c, or //e. The command letters are D (for disk function) and C (for catalog).
We have attempted to use meaningful command letters wherever possible. However,
with a large number of terminal and secondary commands,this was not possible in
all cases.

Some terminal commands will execute quickly, while some commands will take
longer. When a quick command is executed, the input buffer provided in this
program will prevent loss of any text characters received while the command is
being executed. The A, B, C, I, K, L, P, R, S, X, <, ;, \, and ^V commands will
execute without losing any received characters.

Commands which involve a disk operation or a special communication or modem
operation (baud rate, word length, parity, duplex, dialing, send break, etc.)
will cause loss of any characters received while the command is being executed.

If the other system responds to XON/XOFF, you can manually type the XOFF
character (usually control-S) to signal the other system to stop sending before
you use a disk command. After the disk operation, you can manually type the XON
character (usually control-Q) to signal the other system to resume sending.
However, an easier way is to let this program do it for you. If you have enabled
XON/XOFF (by using the X command), this program will automatically send XOFF
when the D (Disk functions) or V (View buffer) command is executed and will
automatically send XON when the command is completed.

If you accidentally enter an unintentional command and become lost in a
secondary mode, enter [ESC] or [RETURN] until you are back in the terminal mode.

Some commands are toggle commands. When you enter a toggle command, you switch
something that is on to off or you switch something that is off to on. For
example, if your capture buffer is off and you enter [ESC] B (or oa-B), you will
turn the buffer on. If you enter [ESC] B (or oa-B) again, you will turn the
buffer off.

When most commands are executed, a message will be displayed to show what the
command has accomplished. Although these status messages are displayed along
with the received text on your video screen, these messages will not be captured
in the buffer.

When you are in the terminal mode, you can also control a "smart" modem by
sending it a text string in the command format recognized by the modem.
Forexample, the hangup command for some "smart" modems requires a one-second
pause followed by "+++", another one- second pause followed by "ATH", and a
[RETURN]. However, it is simpler for you to use the [ESC] H (or oa- H) command
to hangup when you are in the terminal mode.

We recommend you use the terminal commands provided by this program instead of
typing "smart" commands directly from your keyboard to the modem. You may type
"smart" commands directly to the modem to turn the speaker off, run modem tests,
or view a modem menu, but do not change the modem command or status formats
since this program relies on those formats. This program will support a "smart"
modem only if the modem remains in the default state set by this program.

You can store many of the MODEM MGR commands in a programmed sequence in a text
file. All of the commands in the file can then be executed without any further
intervention on your part whenever you want to. The programming and use of these
macro script files are described in Chapter 8.

The default command key is the [ESC] key. This is the key you must type to enter
the terminal command mode. If you wish to transmit the escape character to the
other system, press this key twice or type oa- [ESC]. You may change to another
control key instead of the [ESC] key by specifying a new command key when you
run the INSTALL program.

A description of each terminal command follows. You do not have to learn all of
these commands in order to use this program. Initially you should skip through
the following paragraphs and just read the descriptions of those commands that
interest you. Later you should review all of the commands to familiarize
yourself with the capabilities of this program.


A:AUTO-SAVE BUFFER

This command applies when the capture buffer has been set on (enabled). This
auto-save command toggles the auto-save feature. If auto-save is on, this
program will automatically save the contents of the capture buffer to a disk
file when the buffer is nearly full with received text. The buffer will be saved
to a file named SAVED.A on the currently logged disk. Subsequent auto-saves will
be to files named SAVED.B, SAVED.C, and so on. After the buffer is saved to
disk, the buffer will be cleared and will remain on so additional received text
can be captured and saved.

If auto-save is off, this program will not save a full buffer automatically to
disk. Instead, a "SAVE? (Y/N) -->" message will be displayed and you will have
the option of saving or not saving the buffer to disk. If you decide to save the
buffer to a disk file, the filename or pathname of the file will be requested.
After you furnish the name, the file will be saved, the buffer will be cleared,
and the buffer will remain on. If you decide not to save the buffer to a disk
file, the buffer will not be cleared, but will be turned off since it cannot
capture any more characters in its full state.

If the other system sending to you responds to XON and XOFF, you can save
several buffer loads automatically without losing any re ceived characters.
Enable XON/XOFF (X command) and set auto-save to on. When the buffer has room
left for only 512 more characters, the program will send XOFF to the other
system to direct it to stop transmitting. The other system may send a few more
text characters before stopping. Since auto-save is on, the buffer will be saved
to disk, cleared, and left in the on state. Finally, this program will send XON
to the other system to direct it to resume sending again. This will be repeated
as often as necessary without requiring any action on your part until the disk
is full and can no longer save any more text.

You may see several status messages appearing on the screen along with the
received text whenever this stop/save/go sequence occurs. Although the status
messages will be interspersed with the received text, all of the received
characters will be displayed and saved in the capture buffer and none of the
status messages will be saved in the buffer.

If the other system does not recognize XON/XOFF and continues to transmit until
your buffer is full, any subsequent received characters will not be saved in
your buffer until you clear or save the buffer and enable it again.



B:BUFFER ON/OFF

This command toggles the capture buffer on or off. When the capture buffer is
toggled on, received characters will be saved in the buffer. When the buffer is
toggled off, received characters will not be saved.

If the buffer already contains characters when it is toggled on, any new
characters received will be saved starting at the end of the current buffer
contents.

You do not have to turn the capture buffer on to load text from a disk file into
the buffer or to capture the screen to the buffer using the snapshot (^V)
command.


C:CLEAR BUFFER

This command clears (erases) the contents of the capture buffer. If you
accidentally use this command and don't want to clear the buffer, you can
restore the original contents of the buffer if you use the restore buffer (R)
command immediately.


D:DISK FUNCTIONS

This command allows you to perform common disk operations. When you enter this
command, a disk functions menu similar to that shown in figure 6-2a or 6-2b will
be displayed. In the DOS 3.3 version, the slot and drive number of the currently
logged disk drive will be displayed as well as the disk volume (in hexadecimal)
in that drive. In the ProDOS version, the current volume prefix will be
displayed instead.

If you have XON/XOFF enabled, XOFF will be sent to signal the other system to
temporarily halt sending. This is done because text cannot be received while a
disk operation is being performed. After most disk functions are completed, the
program will return to tht terminal mode and XON will be transmitted
automatically to signal the other system to resume sending again.

You may execute the following secondary commands in this disk functions mode.

     DISK FUNCTIONS                DISK FUNCTIONS

     Slot=6                        Prefix=/MMGR/
     Drive=1
     Volume=FE                     C:Catalog
                                   R:Read TXT file
     C:Catalog                     W:Write TXT file
     R:Read TXT file               E:Erase file
     W:Write TXT file              P:PrefixS:Slot D:Drive
     E:Erase file                  S:Slot
     S:Slot                        D:Drive
     D:Drive                       L:Load BIN file Disk
     L:Load BIN file               B:BIN filewrite
     B:BIN file write
                                   Disk command -->
     Disk command -->

     Figure 6-2a                   Figure 6-2b

DOS 3.3 Disk Functions Menu   ProDOS Disk Functions Menu


C:Catalog. This secondary disk function command will display the catalog of the
currently active disk drive or volume. If a long catalog is being displayed, the
listing will stop near the bottom of the screen. Enter a [SPACE] to continue the
listing or enter a [RETURN] to terminate the catalog operation. After the
catalog is listed, the program will return to the terminal mode.

If you want to catalog another drive, you may enter the new drive number quickly
after entering the C command. For example, if you are in the terminal mode and
drive 1 is active and you wish to see the catalog for drive 2, enter [ESC] D C 2
or oa-D then C 2. If you do not type the 2 quickly enough, you will see the
catalog for the old active drive (drive 1). Whenever you use this technique, the
drive specified will also become the new active drive or prefix.

In the ProDOS version, you may specify another subdirectory to catalog instead
of the current active one. Type a [SPACE] quickly after entering the C command
and you will be prompted to enter the pathname of the subdirectory you wish to
catalog.

R:Read text file. This secondary disk function command will allow you to read
the contents of a disk text file and display it on the video screen or store it
directly in the capture buffer. If you decide not to read a file, just enter
[RETURN] when you are asked to supply a file name or destination.

When you enter this command, you will be asked if you want to read the file to
the buffer or the screen. Enter B (for buffer) or S (for screen). You will then
be asked to enter the filename or pathname of the text file. After you enter the
name, the text file will be read.

This paragraph applies if you are reading a disk text file to the buffer. If
there are characters already in the buffer, the characters read from the disk
file will be stored starting at the end of the current buffer contents. Any CR
characters in the disk file will be stored in the bufferas a CR/LF combination.
If the buffer becomes full while a text file is being loaded, a "BUFFER FULL"
message will be displayed and the remainder of the disk file will not be read.

This paragraph applies if you are reading a disk text file to the screen. You
may use the [SPACE] key as a pause key to temporarily stop the read operation
and you can use any key except the [RETURN] key to resume the read operation. If
you depress the [RETURN] key, the read operation will be terminated. You can
also enter a control-X or control-C to display all control characters (except
control-J, and control-M) as a "^" character followed by the associated letter
character. For example, control-A will be displayed as ^A. The control character
display will be cancelled when you press the [SPACE] key and can be re-enabled
by entering control-X or control-C again.

If terminal emulation is off, all control characters in the disk file are
ignored by the video device except the following:

     Control-G      Bell
     Control-H      Backspace
     Control-J      LF
     Control-M      CR

If terminal emulation is on, any control characters in the disk file will result
in video display operations defined by the currently loaded emulation file.

If you have specified an imbedded print control character in the INSTALL program
and your printer is toggled on, any appearance of that character in the disk
file will toggle your printer on or off. You can use this feature to print
designated portions of the disk file. This can also confuse you if you are
printing while reading a disk file and you are unaware of the presence of the
print control character. This feature is described in more detail in Chapter 12.

W:Write text file. This secondary disk function command will write your buffer
contents to a disk text file. If your buffer is empty, a "BUFFER EMPTY" message
will be displayed and this command will be cancelled. The filename or pathname
for the disk file will be requested. If you specify an existing name, the
existing file will be replaced with the new file. After you enter the name, your
buffer contents will be saved to disk and yourbuffer will be cleared (erased)
automatically. If you want to restore your buffer contents, enter the R (restore
buffer) command immediately.

The text will be saved as a conventional text file which is compatible with most
other programs which use text files. All CR/LF combinations and single LF
characters in the buffer will be converted to single CR characters in the disk
file. DOS 3.3 files will have bit 7 of all characters set and the end-of-file
marker will be a 00. ProDOS files willhave bit 7 of all characters cleared and
the end- of-file offset (filelength) will be stored in the file directory.
Although many ProDOS text files have 00's filling the unused portion of the last
file disk block, a 00 does not indicate the end of a Pro DOS text file. All
control characters (except LF) will be saved to disk, including 00.

E:Erase disk file. This secondary disk function command will erase a disk file.
After you enter this command, the filename or path name will be  quested. If you
don't want to erase a file, just enter [RETURN]. After you enter the name, the
file will be erased. If the file is locked, a "FILE LOCKED" message will be
displayed and you will be asked if you want the file to be unlocked and erased.
Enter Y (for Yes) if you wish to unlock and erase the file or enter N (for No)
if you don't want to unlock and erase the file.

P:Prefix. This secondary disk function command is provided in the ProDOS version
only. This command will allow you to specify the full or partial disk prefix. If
you do not wish to change the cur rent prefix, just enter [RETURN]. Don't forget
to enter the slash (/) before a volume prefix. Do not enter the null prefix (/
only).

S:Slot. This secondary disk function command will allow you to select the slot
number for the active disk drive. In the DOS 3.3 version, the current slot
number will be shown. If you do not wish to change the current active slot, just
enter [RETURN]. In the Pro DOS version, you will be asked to furnish the drive
number after you enter the new slot number.

In most cases (except emulation files), you may also change the active slot by
adding a comma followed by S# after the filename or pathname, where # is the new
slot number.

D:Drive. This secondary disk function command will allow you to select the drive
number for the active disk drive. In the DOS 3.3 version, the current drive
number will be shown. If you do not wish to change the current active drive,
just enter [RETURN].

In most cases (except emulation files), you may also change the active drive by
adding a comma followed by D# after the name, where # is the new drive number.

L:Load binary file. This secondary disk function command will allow you to read
the contents of a disk binary file directly into the capture buffer. If there
are characters already in the buffer, the characters read from the binary file
will be stored starting at the end of the current buffer contents. In the DOS
3.3 version, a binary file cannot be loaded if the current buffer contents
exceeds 17919 bytes. A "BINARY FULL" message will be displayed. If the loading
of a binary file causes the 17919-byte limit to be exceeded, the remainder of
the binary file will not be loaded and a"PARTIALLY LOADED" message will be
displayed.

This program uses binary files for those special cases where an exact copy of
the buffer must be saved and later loaded back into the buffer. Binary files
will be loaded exactly as they are saved on disk without altering the LF or CR
characters. Since this is not a standard method ofsaving text to a binary file,
the only binary files which are compatible with MODEM MGR will be those binary
files created by this program.

B:Binary file write. This secondary disk function command will write the buffer
contents to a disk binary file. If the buffer is empty, a "BUFFER EMPTY" message
will be displayed and this command will be cancelled. The filename or pathname
will be requested. If you don't want to write a file, just enter [RETURN]. After
you enter the name, the buffer contents will be saved and the buffer will be
cleared (erased) automatically. If you want to restore the buffer contents,
enter the terminal R command immediately.

This program uses binary files to store text in a different format than with
text files. Text saved in binary files will be saved exactly as it was captured
into the buffer. CR and LF characters will not be deleted oradded. Bit 7 of the
characters will not be altered. In the DOS 3.3 version, no more than 17919 bytes
in the buffer can be saved as a binary file. If the buffer contents exceeds
17919 bytes, a "PARTIALLY SAVED" message will be displayed, and only the first
17919 bytesin the buffer will be saved in the binary file.

If you wish to save an unaltered copy of the capture buffer, do not enter the
editor until after you have saved the buffer in a binary file. The editor will
add CR characters in front of all lone LF characters. Unless you need to have an
exact copy of the screen and cursor operations in the received text, save the
buffer in a text file instead of a binary file.

E:EMULATION ON/OFF

This command toggles terminal emulation on and off. If you toggle emulation off,
a "NO EMULATION" message will be displayed and the video display will respond
only to the common screen command characters (CR, LF, backspace, and bell). If
you toggle emulation on, a "xxxx EMULATION" message will be displayed and the
video display will respond to those terminal emulation or control commands
defined in the currently loaded emulation file. xxxx will be an abbreviated name
for the emulation. If you have not loaded an emulation file, the message will
show "DFLT EMULATION".

F:FULL/HALF DUPLEX

This command toggles between full and half duplex. If the other system you are
communicating with is echoing your transmitted characters back to you, then you
should be in the full-duplex mode. In the full-duplex mode, your video screen
will display received characters, but will not display your transmitted
characters directly. Your transmitted characters will be displayed when they are
echoed by the other system.

If the other system is not echoing your transmitted characters back to you, then
you should be in the half-duplex mode. In the half-duplex mode, your video
screen will display both received and transmitted characters.

If the other system is echoing your characters back to you and you are in the
half-duplex mode, you will see each transmitted character when you transmit it
and when it is echoed back to you; they will be displayed ttwwiiccee. If the
other system is not echoing your characters back to you and you are in the
full-duplex mode, you will not see your transmitted characters at all.

In most cases if you are calling a host computer system you should be in the
full duplex mode. If you want to chat with another person who is also using a
program in the terminal mode, you probably both have to use the half-duplex mode
with LF insertion (see the I command).

G:GET NUMBER/HELP or KEYBOARD BLOCK MODE.

If you are using the full-screen video mode, the G command is used to get a
phone number list or help file. The phone number list will allow you to
automatically dial from that list. If you are using the  split-screen video
mode, the G command is used to toggle the key board block mode. The same command
results in two different operations depending on which video mode you are using.

G:GET NUMBER/HELP (FULL-SCREEN VIDEO MODE)

If you are using the full-screen video mode and you enter the G  command, the
program will ask you for the filename or pathname of the disk file which
contains the desired phone number list or help file. After you enter the name,
the file will be loaded. If the phone number list file is longer than 1024 bytes
(DOS 3.3) or 1022 bytes (ProDOS), a "FILE TOO LONG" message will be displayed
and the remainder of the file will not be read. After the file is loaded, the
screen will clear and the contents of the file will be displayed. You may use
the [SPACE] key to stop/start the listing or the [RETURN] key to terminate the
listing.

You can create your own personalized phone list with the editor and save it as a
text file. Be sure to keep the file length to less than 1024 bytes (DOS 3.3) or
1022 bytes (ProDOS). Normally, the phone list contains names and phone numbers.
The exact format is up to you. However, to dial directly from the list, the
phone entries should include an upper case letter followed by a colon character
(:) followed by the phone number.  All of this should be on the same line. There
should be no additional chatracters follwoing the phone number on the line.

After the phone list file has been displaye,d an "Enter -->" prompt will be
displayed.  You may now enter the single upper case leter which coresponds to
the phone number in the list you wish to have dialed.  If that letter and an
associated phone nuber does not exist in the list in the proper format, the
program will exit to the terminal mode.  If the letter and colon exist, the
associated phone nubmer will be displayed and dialed.

An example phone number list file is shown below.

          COMPUSERVE
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~

           300 baud      A:520-9724
          1200 baud      B:5209733
          2400 baud      C:852-8141

          Larry's COmputer Store
          L:(213)765-4321

          MARY:T123-4567

You may dial either the five numbers by entering A, B, C, L, or Y when the
"Enter -->" prompt appears.

If a help file is read, it will be displayed in the same manner as the phone
list except the "Enter -->" message will not appear.  The basic help file is
called HELP and is usually on the work disk.  This file lists the other help
files available.  If the help file is not on the cureently active disk or the
disk specified, it will not be found and displayed.

Since this command handles ordinary text files, it offers you an alternative way
to display a short (less than 1022 bytes) text file on the screen.  You may
store any short memos or reminders on your own custom help files in a text file
and display it with this command. To prevent the "Enter ->" message from
appearing after the text file is displayed, make the first character in the file
a space and the second character in the file a control-H.

G:KEYBOARD BLOCK MODE (SPLIT-SCREEN VIDEO MODE)

In the split-screen video mode, you can use the G command to toggle the keyboard
block mode. When the keyboard block mode is disabled, any character key you type
on the keyboard will result in tht immediate transmission of the associated
character to the other system. The transmitted characters will be displayed on
the bottom screen. If the other system is echoing your transmitted characters,
they will also appear on the top screen.

If the keyboard block mode is enabled, any characters you type on the keyboard
will not be transmitted until you type the [RETURN] key. After you type the CR,
all of the typed characters (including the CR) will be transmitted. You may type
a maximum of 255 characters before you must enter the [RETURN]. The characters
will be displayed in the bottom screen as you type them.

The keyboard block mode is useful in allowing you to type and view text before
sending it. You may use the backspace key to edit the text. All control
characters except control-H can be entered as characters to be transmitted. If
your video display has inverse capability, control characters will be shown as
inverse letters. If your video display does not have an alternate character set,
control characters will be shown as blanks or shaded blanks.

The block mode with the split screen provides you with the features of a
keyboard line buffer as well as a display of the buffer contents on the screen.

You may place a CR in the block by typing a [CTRL] [SHIFT] @. (You may redefine
this key with the INSTALL program.)  A dotted cursor will appear in the lower
screen wherever a CR has been inserted with this key.

If you have typed several characters in the block mode and want to erase all of
the entered characters, you can erase the entire block by entering the [ESC] =
or oa- = command.

If your block is transmitted faster than the receiving system can handle it, the
receiving system can use XON/XOFF control to pace your block transmission. While
your block is being transmitted, your system will respond to XON and XOFF
characters sent by the receiving system. The XON character is control-Q ($11)
and the XOFF character is control-S ($13). If your capture buffer is on, any
received control-S and control-Q characters will not be captured.

If you type a Control-Q or Control-S with the block mode enabled, the character
will be sent immediately and will not be stored in the block. This allows you to
send these two characters without typing a [RETURN].

H:HANGUP

This command will hangup your phone connection. This command supports only those
modems which will hangup under software or hardware control. Some modems will
not hangup under external control, but will hang up if the other system
disconnects or if you set a modem switch to off.

I:INSERT AUTO LINE FEED

This command toggles the automatic line feed insertion feature on or off. In
many cases your system does not have to transmit a line feed character before
beginning a new line. All your system has to send is a CR character at the end
of each line. The other system other system requires a LF as well as the CR,
this command can be toggled on to have a LF character sent automatically after
each CR character is sent.

If you are chatting with another user, you both probably have to send LF
characters as well as CR characters, so use this command to toggle the automatic
LF insertion feature on.

Some systems require only a line feed from you (no CR). You can handle this by
using the keyboard translation feature provided in the INSTALL program to modify
the [RETURN] key to transmit a LF character.

J:PARITY/LENGTH

This command lets you define or change the communications parameters. When you
enter this command, a list of several combinations of character length, number
of stop bits, and parity will be displayed. The number corresponding to the
current combination will be displayed under the cursor. To select a desired
combination, enter the number associated with that set. If you don't want to
change the current configuration, just enter [RETURN]. For example, suppose the
display shows the following list:

     Length/stop bits/parity

     1)7+2+e
     2)7+2+o
     3)7+1+e
     4)7+1+o
     5)8+2+n
     6)8+1+n
     7)8+1+e
     8)8+1+0


     Enter -> 6

This shows that the combination associated with number 6 (8-bit characters with
one stop bit and no parity) is the current configuration. This is normally the
default configuration. If you want to select 7-bit characters with one stop bit
and even parity, enter the number 3 when the "Enter -->" prompt is present. If
you have a Type 2651, 6551, 8251, or 8530 serial card, additional combinations
(including mark and space parity) can be defined by specifying the appropriate
communications card command and/or control bytes in the INSTALL program.

If you are using an internal serial or communications card with an external
"smart" modem, this command will usually configure both the card and the modem.
However, the modem must be turned on before this command is issued in order to
be effective. Some modems will support only some of these combinations. Refer to
your modem instructions to determine which combinations are supported.

Some modems will hang up when this command is executed. If this is true for your
modem, select the desired parameters before making a connection.

K:KLOCK ON/OFF

If you have a clock card which is supported by this program and you have
specified it in the INSTALL program, this command will  toggle the clock display
on or off. When toggled on, the display will appear in the upper right corner of
the screen. You can make a choice of time-of-day or elapsed time by using the <
command. This program displays the time-of-day as hours and minutes in the
12-hour format with AM or PM and the elapsed time is shown in minutes from 00 to
59.

L:LOOK AT STATUS

This command will display the current status of the A, B, P, E, F, X, and S
commands. If carrier control is enabled, it will also show the current carrier
status. With the split-screen video it will also show if the block mode is
enabled or disabled. A typical status display is shown below.

BUFFER ON
AUTO SAVE ON
PRINTER OFF
EMULATION OFF
FULL DUPLEXXON/XOFF ENABLED
<258/33789>
CARRIER ON
BLOCK ENABLED

This shows the capture buffer is on, auto-save is on, the printer is off,
emulation is off, full duplex is the current mode, XON/XOFF is enabled, the
buffer has 258 characters with room for 33789 more, carrier control is enabled
with a carrier present, and the block mode is enabled. If carrier control is not
enabled, the CARRIER status line will not be displayed. If the split-screen
video is not being used, the BLOCK status line will not be displayed.

Although this is a lengthy display, any characters received while this list is
being displayed will not be lost. You can execute this command while receiving
text without missing any characters.

M:MODEM BAUD RATE

This command lets you set or define the communications baud rate. When you enter
this command, a list of several baud rates will be displayed. The letter
corresponding to the current baud rate will be displayed under the cursor. To
select a desired baud rate, enter the associated letter. If you don't want to
change the current baud rate, just enter [RETURN].

If you have a Type 6850 serial or communications card, you can select only two
baud rates under program control. One baud rate (high) is the baud rate set by
dip switches on the card. The other baud rate (low) is one-fourth of the high
baud rate. For example, if you have set the baud rate switches on the card for
1200 baud, you can use this command to select 1200 baud or 300 baud. If you have
set the baud rate switches on the card for 300 baud, you can use this command to
select 300 baud or 110 baud.

Suppose the display shows the following list:

     A:50
     B:75
     C:110
     D:135
     E:150
     F:300
     G:600
     H:1200
     I:1800
     J:2400
     K:3600
     L:4800
     M:7200
     N:9600
     O:19200

     Enter -> F

This shows that the baud rate associated with the letter F (300 baud) is the
current baud rate. If you want to select 1200 baud, enter the letter H.

If you have an internal plug-in modem, the only baud rates available are the
baud rates the modem supports. Normally this includes 110, 300, and sometimes
1200 baud.

If you have a Type 2651, 6551, 8251, or 8530 (IIGS) serial card, you can define
the default baud rate by setting a value for the communications control byte
when you use the INSTALL program. If you are using an internal serial or
communications card with an external multi-speed "smart" modem, this command
will usually set the baud rates for both the card and the modem. However, the
modem must be turned on before this command is issued in order to be effective.
If you have a Smart-CAT modem, see the applicable section in Chapter 4.

Some modems will hang up when this command is executed. If tjos is true for your
modem, select the desired baud rate before making a connection.

N:NEW EMULATION

This command will let you load a new emulation file.  For DOS 3.3, the emulation
file must be on the work disk. For ProDOS, the emulation file must be on the
currently active disk.  All emulation files have the .EMU suffix in their
filenames or pathnames. When this program requests the name, enter the emulation
name without the suffix. Chapter 13 describes terminal emulation.

O:ORIGINATE TO ANSWER

Normally your modem is in the originate mode. This is the usual mode to call
another system. If your modem supports programmed mode switching, this command
will switch your modem from the originate mode to the answer mode. In the answer
mode, your modem will enable its carrier and wait for a responding carrier from
the other system. When the other carrier is detected, a connection between both
systems will be made. If no connection is made within a period of time (30
seconds or longer, depending on your modem), this command will be terminated and
your modem will exit the answer mode.

You would normally execute this command when you have already made a phone voice
connection between your system and another user. If both of you want your
systems to be switched out of the voice mode and into the data communications
mode, one system will have to use the answer mode and the other system will have
to use the originate mode. (For the originate mode, see the T command).

Some modems will hang up while switching modes. If you are using a voice phone
and want to switch to modem communications, don't hang up the phone until both
modems have enabled their carriers and made a connection.

If a phone connection has not yet been made and you want to have your modem
answer an incoming call in the answer mode, use the W command. You can alsouse
the U command (unattended mode) to have your modem answer calls. The unattended
mode is described in Chapter 10.

P:PRINTER ON/OFF

This command will toggle printing on or off. If you toggle printing on, received
text will be printed. Any text read from a disk file or viewed from the buffer
(V command) will also be printed.

Generally, it is better to leave printing off when you are receiving text while
online. If the receiving rate is 1200 baud (approximately 120 characters per
second), many printers cannot keep up with a steady flow of text. Although this
program has a printer buffer to store characters which have been received faster
than they can be printed, it will only store 1024 characters. When this buffer
over flows, the last 1024 received characters will not be printed. If your
printer or printer interface card has a large buffer, you may be able to keep up
with the received character flow.

Instead of printing while online, we recommended you capture the received text
in the buffer and then save it to disk. You can print the file later when you
are off-line.

If the program halts while printing is on, there may be a printer problem. Some
printer problems (no paper, end-of-ribbon, no hand-shake, etc.) will create an
indefinite pause in the program operation. If this happens, type [ESC] to exit
the print mode.

Refer to Chapter 12 for more information onprinting.

Q:QUIT

This command lets you quit MODEM MGR. A "QUIT? (Y/N) -->"message will be
displayed. Enter Y (for Yes) if you want to quit and enter N (for No) if you
don't want to quit. If there is text in the buffer, you will first be asked if
you wish to save it.

R:RESTORE BUFFER

If you unintentionally enter the C command and clear the capture buffer, you can
restore the contents of the buffer by entering this command immediately. You may
find this command useful to restore the buffer after it has been automatically
cleared after writing to disk.

If you don't enter this command immediately and subsequent received characters
are captured into the buffer, the buffer will contain a mix of the old text
overlayed with new text. If you enter the restore command by accident, you may
also find a strange combina tion of old and new text in the buffer.

If you clear the buffer twice before any characters are captured, this command
will restore the contents of the buffer before the last clear command. Since the
buffer was clear before the last clear command, the buffer will remain empty.

S:SPACE IN BUFFER

This command will display the space used and the space left in the capture
buffer. The first decimal number will be the number of characters in the buffer
and the second decimal number will be the number of character spaces left in the
buffer. The sum of the two numbers will always be the same.

For example, if you have a 64K Apple with DOS 3.3, the following are typical
displays:

     <0/34047>           This means the buffer is empty.
     <17023/17024>       This means the buffer is half full.
     <34047/0>           This means the buffer is full.

If you are using ProDOS, the total space will be 25343 instead of 34047. If you
have a 48K Apple with DOS 3.3, the total space will be 17919 instead. All
control characters count as one character.

T:TELEPHONE DIAL

This command will provide dialing if your modem supports it. This command can
also be used to switch the modem to the originate mode. When this command is
entered, "DIAL" and "Enter ->" messages will be displayed. If you enter a ?, the
default and last dialed numbers (if any) will be displayed. You may specify the
default number when you configure this program with the INSTALL program.

If you wish to dial the default number, enter D. If you wish to re-dial the last
number dialed, enter Z. If you don't want to dial a number, enter [ESC] to quit.
Do not enter [RETURN] to quit the dial command because this will switch the
modem to the off-hook originate mode. This will be discussed later.

If you want to enter a phone number, type the number on the key board followed
by a [RETURN]. The number must have no more than 32 characters. You may enter
the numbers 0 through 9 (and # or * for tone dialing) and the following letters
and punctuation symbols:

     T              Tone dial following numbers
     P              Pulse dial following numbers
     ,              2 second pause
     ()/-           Allowed, but ignored
     [SPACE]        Allowed, but ignored
     RW;            Allowed for some modems

Enter the letter P to use pulse dialing for all following numbers. If your modem
supports tone dialing, enter a T to use tone dialing for all following numbers.
You may use the (, ), /, -, and space char acters anywhere to improve clarity.
The characters R, W, and ; can be entered for some modems which support them.
Refer to the modem manual for information on these dialing commands.

As an example, suppose you enter the following:

     P9,,T1,(714) 555-1212

This will pulse dial the 9, wait for four seconds, tone dial the 1, wait for two
seconds, and tone dial the 7145551212 numbers.

If your "smart" modem supports additional dialing features not covered in this
command, you may set the modem in the command mode and use the directcommand
string which the modem recognizes instead of using this T command.

With some internal plug-in modems, you may enter a minus (-) as the first
character to disable the speaker. Refer to the applicable section for your modem
in Chapter 4.

When you execute this dialing command with the Novation Smart-CAT modem, it will
provide a five-second pause instead of a two-second pause when the comma (,) is
used. This modem will also provide a five-second pause when the T letter is used
for tone dialing.

Some external auto modems will support pulse dialing with this command if you
connect the appropriate off-hook control line on the modem to pin 14 of the game
port I/O connector. Refer to thapplicable section in Chapter 3.

YOu can use the T command to enter the off-hook originate mode.  IF you enter
[RETURN] instead of a number or letter, your modem will be placed in the
originate mode. The modem will wait for a carrier from the other system. When a
carrier is received, your modem will enable its own carrier and a connection
will be made. If a carrier is not received, your modem will wait a certain
length of time (30 seconds or more, depending on your modem) until it quits and
hangs up.

U:UNATTENDED OPPRATION

This command allowsyour system to operate in an un attended mode.  It will
answer the phone when called, and allow a remote user to exchange messages or
disk files with your system. Password protection is provided. This operation is
described in Chapter 10.

V:VIEW BUFFER

This command allows you to view the present contents of the buffer on the video
screen. If your buffer does not have any characters in it, a "BUFFER EMPTY"
message will be displayed. If your buffer is not empty, the screen will clear
and the contents of the buffer will be displayed. You can control the screen
scrolling speed by pressing any of the number keys from [1] (slowest) to [9]
(fastest). The initial viewing speed corresponds to the number [5] key. You can
stop the scrolling by pressing the [SPACE] key and you can re- start the
scrolling by pressing any other key except the [RETURN] key. You can terminate
the view command by pressing the [RETURN] key.

If you have XON/XOFF enabled,the XOFF character will be sent when you execute
this buffer viewing command. After the buffer viewing is completed, the XON
character will be sent automatically by this program if XON/XOFF is enabled. If
you are connected to another system which responds to XON and XOFF, this will
signal the other system to stop sending while you are viewing the buffer.

Another way you can view the buffer contents on the video screen is to enter the
editor. The editor allows viewing in either the forward or reverse direction.
Chapter 7 describes the editor.

If terminal emulation is off, all control characters in the buffer will be
ignored by the video display except the following:

     Control-G      Bell
     Control-H      Backspace
     Control-J      LF
     Control-M      CR

If terminal emulation is on, any control characters or lead-in sequences in the
buffer will result in the video display operations defined by the currently
loaded emulation file.

If you type a control-C, all control characters (except control-J and control-M)
will be displayed as a circumflex or caret character (^) followed by the
associated letter character. For example, control-G (bell) will be displayed as
a ^G and the bell will not be heard. If you type a control-X, all control
characters INCLUDING control-J and control-M will be displayed as the caret
character followed by the associated letter character. The CR and LF operations
will also be displayed. The ^M will be displayed before the associated CR screen
operation and the ^J will be displayed after the associated LF screen operation
to the next lower line. The display of control characters will be terminated if
you type the [SPACE] key.

If you toggle the printer on, the buffer contents will also be printed on the
printer. If the printer speed is slower than the selected viewing speed, the
printer speed will pace the scrolling speed. If the printer has a buffer, the
screen scrolling will be normal until the buffer is full. When the printer
buffer is full, the scrolling will usually stop until a portion of the buffer
has been printed.

If you type [CTRL] P while the buffer contents are being displayed on the video
screen, the printer will toggle on or off. To print a portion of the buffer, you
can use the number and [SPACE] keys to locate and stop at the desired point in
the text and enter the [CTRL] P to start printing. Enter another [CTRL] P when
you wish to stop printing.

You can also use the editor to imbed a print control character in the buffer
text to control the printer during the buffer viewing operation. First, you must
specify the print control character in the INSTALL program. The default value is
$FF, which means there is no print control character. If you want to use the
control-X character (hexadecimal 18), specify 18 in the INSTALL program as the
imbedded print control character. With the text in the buffer, use the editor to
place a control-X wherever you want printing to start and stop. Remember the
printer must be initially on so you would probably place a control-X at the
beginning of the file to turn the printer off (unless you want to start printing
from the beginning).

Finally, use the P command to toggle the printer on and use the V command to
view the buffer. The printer will start and stop wher ever you have placed the
control-X characters.

If the text contains some stray control-X characters introduced from some other
source, you may find your printer unexpectedly stopping and starting (if it is
initially toggled on) or you may find the scrolling halts. If this happens, use
the [ESC] key to exit. You can remove any undesired control characters by
entering the editor and using the ^O command. You should use an uncommon control
character as the imbedded print control character.

W:WAIT FOR CALL

If your modem has the capability to automatically answer calls in the answer
mode, this command will set your modem to wait for a call. When an incoming call
occurs, your modem will answer the phone, enable its answer carrier, and wait
for the caller's modem to respond with an originate carrier. When the originate
carrier is detected, a connection will be made and your system will enter the
terminal mode. If the other carrier is not detected within a period of time (30
seconds or longer, depending on your modem), this command will terminate and
your modem will hang up and exit the answer mode.

If you wish to cancel this command before a call is received, press the [ESC]
key.

To use this command with an external "non-smart" modem, carrier control must be
on (enabled) and your modem carrier-detect signal must be properly interfaced to
your computer.

If you are using an internal plug-in modem or an external "smart" modem, carrier
control can be ON or OFF. If carrier control is ON, the carrier-detect signal
from your external "smart" mode mmust be properly configured and interfaced to
your computer. This is described in Chapter 11.

X:XON/XOFF

The X command will enable or disableXON/XOFF. XOFF is a control character your
system sends to the other system to direct that system to stop transmitting to
you. XON is a control character your system sends to direct the other system to
resume transmitting again.

You may define the control characters used for XON and XOFF in the INSTALL
program according to the requirements of the system you are communicating with.
The default characters are control-S for XOFF and control-Q for XON.

There are several different situations where XON and XOFF are sent by MODEM MGR.

1) Input Buffer XON/XOFF Control - This program uses an input buffer which
stores characters when they are received faster than they can be displayed. This
buffer is not the same as the capture buffer. If XON/XOFF is enabled, this
program will send XOFF automatically to the other system whenever the input
buffer is nearly full. If the other system responds to XON/XOFF, this will
direct that system to stop transmitting. After all of the characters in the
input buffer are displayed on your video screen, the input buffer will be empty
and this program will send XON to the other system to direct it to resume
transmitting again. If XON/XOFF is disabled, XOFF will not be sent when the
buffer is full. If the other system continues transmitting when your input
buffer is full, buffer overflow will occur and the last 1024 characters received
will be lost.

The filling of the input buffer described above will occur if you are receiving
a continuous stream of characters at 19200 baud with a video card which cannot
handle display speeds of 19200 baud. It will also occur if the received
characters contain a lot of control characters or video command sequences which
result in slow screen operations (such as clearing the screen, deleting a line,
or beeping the speaker).

2) Autosave - If you have enabled autosave and the capture buffer is nearly
full, XOFF will be sent before the buffer is saved to disk and XON will be sent
after the save.

3) Disk or View XON/XOFF Control - If XON/XOFF is enabled,this program will send
XOFF automatically when you select the disk-functions (D) or view-buffer (V)
commands. This will direct the other system to stop transmitting while your
system is busy. When the disk or viewing operation is completed, this program
will automatically send XON.

4) Keyboard XON/XOFF - You may send XOFF or XON directly from the keyboard. You
can do this even if XON/XOFF is disabled. You can send XOFF by typing the
control character (usually control-S). You should eventually follow this by
typing the XON control character (usually control-Q). This program will
recognize when you have done this. If you type the XOFF character to direct the
other system to stop transmitting, you must type the XON character when you wish
to have transmitting resumed.

If you send XOFF by typing the XOFF character, this program will no longer send
XON or XOFF for a disk (D) or view (V) command until you have sent XON by typing
the XON character. This program will not override your typed XOFF command.

If you unknowingly type the XOFF character by mistake, the other system will not
transmit to you and communications may appear to have halted.

5) Macro XON/XOFF - You may also program a macro command to send XON or XOFF.
XON/XOFF does not have to be enabled to do this. All of the previous comments on
keyboard XON/XOFF apply to macro XON/XOFF commands. Chapter 8 describes macro
commands.

6) Macro Disk XON/XOFF - If you use a macro command to save the buffer to disk,
XOFF will be sent before the disk save and XON will be sent after the disk save
if XON/XOFF is enabled.

7) If you use the reverse-scroll review, XOFF will be sent when you enter this
mode and XON will be sent when you exit this mode.

Whenever XON/XOFF is toggled from disabled to enabled, this program will send
the XON character automatically. If you have been typing XOFF and XON on the
keyboard and have forgotten what you sent last, toggle XON/XOFF from enabled to
disabled to enabled again. This will restore everything to a known state.

You can define the characters used for XON and XOFF in the INSTALL program. If
you define the XON and XOFF characters as 00, XON and XOFF will not be
automatically transmitted by this program even if XON/XOFF is enabled.

XON/XOFF is not automatically sent if the printer buffer becomes full when you
are printing while online.

Y:FILE TRANSFER

This command lets your system exchange buffer or disk files with another system.
Text files can be sent at normal speed, slow speed, after each character is
echoed, or with XON/XOFF pacing. Text can also be sent one line at a time with a
Specified delay between lines or after a prompt is received.

Protocol file transfer with error checking and correction can also be performed.
This program supports both the XMODEM protocol and a special MMGR protocol. File
transfer operations are described in Chapter 9. In the ProDOS version, some file
transfer operations are performed with the : command.

Z:EDITOR

This command loads the editor to allow you to edit the present contents of the
capture buffer. The editor also allows the editing of a disk text file or the
creation of new text files. This is a full-screen editor with commands which
support file handling, cursor moves, line scrolling, paging, character
insertion, file insertion, character deletion, line deletion, search/replace,
search/delete, and column formatting.

If you are planning to create and use message files, macro files, function keys
files, or phonelist files, you should learn the use of this editor. The editor
isdescribed in Chapter 7.

@:EXECUTE MACRO

This command will load and execute a macro script file. A macro script file
contains a sequence of pre-programmed commands which can control most of the
functions of this program. When it is executed, the commands in the file will be
performed in sequence with out requiring any further action on your part. A
complete operation including dialing, providing a password, requesting
information, saving any replies to the buffer or a disk file, and hangup can be
defined in a macro script file.

After you enter this command, the program will request the filename or pathname
of the macro script file to be executed. After you enter the name, the file will
be loaded and the commands in the file will be executed.

Macro commands and script files are described in Chapter 8.

0:LOAD FUNCTION KEYS 1-9:FUNCTION KEYS

The 0 command will display the contents of the resident function key file (if
any) and will allow a new file to be loaded. After a function key file is
loaded, you can use the [ESC] 1 (or oa- 1)through [ESC] 9 (or oa- 9) commands to
execute the corresponding function defined in the file. The functions are
sequences of macro commands in the same format as those used in macro script
files. Function keys and function key files are described in Chapter 8.


<:TIME/TIMER

This command will switch between the time-of-day and elapsed time display in the
upper right corner of your video screen. You must have one of the clock cards
listed in the INSTALL program properly installed in order to use this feature.
If you have used the K command to set the clock feature off, neither time-of-day
or elapsed time will be displayed.

;:RESET TIMER

The ; command will reset the elapsed time display to 00 minutes. You must have
one of the clock cards listed in the INSTALL program properly installed in order
to use this feature.

^:SEND BREAK

This command will send a continuous space or break condition for a period of
approximately 230 milliseconds. In many systems this can be used to interrupt
the current process and gain the attention of the other system.

^V:SNAPSHOT

This command places a "snapshot" of the screen in your capture buffer. You must
execute this command from the terminal mode and not from the terminal command
mode. Do not type the [ESC] key to display the "Command?-->" message or oa- key
when you enter this command. When you enter [CTRL] V in the terminal mode, the
text displayed on the screen will be saved in the capture buffer. The capture
buffer does not have to be on. If there is some text in the capture buffer, the
screen text will be saved at the end of the existing buffer contents.

All of the text on the screen from the top line (including the clock display) to
the line which the cursor presently is on will be saved to the buffer. There
will be no status message displayed when this command is executed, but the
cursor will momentarily disappear while the screen is being saved.

This command is useful for saving text on the screen which was received when the
capture buffer was off. This is not an efficient way to save text because all of
the blank spaces on the screen are saved as space characters in the buffer. For
example, the following text line has 27 characters followed by a CR/LF:

This line has 27 characters

On an 80-column screen, this line is followed by 53 blank spaces. If the capture
buffer is on, it will save the 27 characters and CR plus LF for a total of 29
characters. The snapshot command will save the 27 characters plus the 53 blank
characters for a total of 80 characters in the buffer. Therefore, the snapshot
command uses a lot of buffer space and should be used sparingly.

If you want to use a different control key to execute this command instead of
control-V, you can define another control key when you run the INSTALL program.

=:CLEAR KEYBOARD BLOCK

The = command applies only in the split-screen video mode. If the block mode is
enabled, this command will clear all of the characters in the block. If you have
typed some characters into the block and decide not to transmit them, this will
allow you to erase the block. This command will also clear the characters
displayed in the lower scretn. .

>:VIDEO FORMAT

This command applies only in the full-screen video mode with some 80 column
cards installed in one of the expansion slots of a ][, ][+, or a //e. This
command allows you to change the video column and/or row format.

If you are using a Videx Ultraterm video card, you have a choice of any one of
eight video formats. After the command is entered, a "V" will be shown on the
screen along with a number under the cursor which corresponds to the current
video format. Enter a new number to select another video format. The number to
enter and the associated video format is listed below for the Ultraterm card (*
= interlaced).

          1) 80 X 24
          2) 96 X 24
          3) 160 X 24
          4) 80 X 24 *
          5) 80 X 32 *
          6) 80 X 48 *
          7) 132 X 24 *
          8) 128 X 32 *

You may define the default video format for the Ultraterm card when the INSTALL
program is run.

If you have a non-Ultraterm 80-column card in one of the expansion slots of an
Apple ][, ][+, or //e, you have a choice of two video formats with this command.
These are listed below.

          0) 80 X 24
          1) 64 X 24

This command is not supported for the 40-column video, the split-screen video
mode, the //c, the IIGS, or any video card in the auxiliary slot of the //e.

_:FLUSH BUFFER

You may use the command to save the buffer to disk. This is similar to the D W
command sequence except you do not have to specify the filename. The buffer will
be saved with a "SAVED.x" filename where x is the next letter in the current
"SAVED.x" filename sequence. If you have been using the auto-save feature to
save the buffer to disk when full, this will allow you to save the last
remaining text in the buffer and maintain the same filename sequence.

\:CLEAR SCREEN

You may use the \ command to clear the screen and set the cursor at the top left
of the screen. In the split-screen mode, this will clear the upper screen only.
If you have a clock display, that display will not be cleared.

[DELETE]:TRANSPOSE BACKSPACE/DELETE

If you enter the [DELETE] key as a command, it will exchange the characters sent
when you type the [DELETE] and left-arrow keys. This command will transpose the
characters each time you use it.

::LOAD MODULE

In the ProDOS version, the:command will load and execute other program modules.
This isdescribed in Chapter 9.

REVERSE SCROLL

The ProDOS version supports reversescroll on a //c, 128k //e, or IIGS. This
feature allows you to scroll the screen display down to view previous text which
has scrolled off the screen.

Type the up-arrow (or oa-up-arrow or sa-up-arrow) to enter the reverse scroll
mode. Type [space] to exit this mode. When reverse scroll is activated, the
cursor and time display will disappear. The following commands can be used in
the reverse scroll mode:

up-arrow/down-arrow                Scroll up/down one line
oa- or sa- up-arrow/down-arrow     Scroll up/down one screen
oa- or sa- T                       Go to top (beginning) of scroll buffer
oa- or sa- B                       Go to bottom (end) of scroll buffer
--> <--                            Search and highlight message number
oa- or sa- --> <--                 Less selective search
0-9                                Type in message number
[RETURN]                           Flag highlighted message number
^V                                 Save screen to capture buffer (snapshot)
oa- or sa- P                       Print screen
oa- or sa- C                       Clear all flagged message numbers
oa- or sa- R                       Read capture buffer to message number buffer
oa- or sa- W                       Write message nubmer buffer to capture buffer
[space]                            Exit reverse scroll mode

The reverse scroll uses a 32k buffer in the auxiliary memory. When this buffer
is full, received characters will push the oldest text out of the buffer.
Therefore the last 32k of text received is always in the buffer.

Since this uses the auxiliary memory, you will lose the ProDOS /RAM/ drive
associated with slot 3, drive 2. When you exit MODEM MGR via the Q (Quit)
command, /RAM/ will be installed again. If you wish to use the /RAM/ drive
instead of reverse scroll, you may set this option with the INSTALL program. If
there is a file in /RAM/ when you start MODEM MGR, you will be warned and
allowed to keep /RAM/ intact.

The program will send XOFF to the host when you activate reverse scroll and will
send XON when you exit this mode. If the host does not respond to XON/XOFF you
may lose characters received while you are in this mode.

The reverse scroll program is in a file named MDPX which must have this name and
be in the same subdirectory as MODEM MGR.

The reverse scroll display may not appear correct if you are receiving text in a
terminal emulation environment with extensive screen operations. Also, if you
are receiving under noisy conditions, the noise may introduce or delete control
characters which can cause strange reverse scroll text patterns.


MESSAGE FLAGGING AND RETRIEVAL

In conjunction with reverse scroll, there is a method to flag and retrieve
messages on some types of message systems. If you are receiving a summary of
message topics and you see some messages you wish to retrieve later, enter the
reverse scroll mode. If you type -->or <-- the program will search for the
message number. It will highlight any number which appears to be a message
number. If you wish to flag this message, type the [RETURN] key.

After you exit the reverse scroll mode and the host asks which message you wish
to read, type [CTRL] A and the messsage number of the first flagged message will
be sent. Each succeeding message number will be sent when you type [CTRL] A. You
may also automate this with a new { macro command.

You may flag messages online for retrieval during that session or you may log
off, flag messages offline, and log on again for retrieval.

The program can handle 1024 digits or about 200 five-digit message numbers. As
each message number is sent it frees up space for more message numbers. You may
clear all message numbers by typing oa- C or sa- Cin the reverse scroll mode.
You may also flag messages by typing the message number followed by [RETURN].

The message flagging is designed primarily for systems which use long message
numbers and which issue prompts for message numbers one at a time.

The program makes some assumptions in determining whether a numerical text
string is a message number or not. Numbers having only one digit will not be
recognized. Some numbers may be similar to message numbers and be incorrectly
highlighted. Some actual message numbers may be ignored. If you use the oa- <--,
oa- -->, sa- <--, or sa- --> keys instead, a less selective search will be made
for message numbers.


DISPLAY FORMAT PROBLEMS

This section describes some of the display problems you may en counter and the
possible causes. If emulation is off, this program defaults to the following
display format:

1) The end of each received line must include a CR and a LF character.

2) If a CR and LF are not received, the line will eventually extend to the right
column and wrap down to the next line.

3) When the last row is displayed, the screen will scroll up one line and
subsequent text will be displayed on the bottom row.

If you are receiving mostly double line feeds, you may have enabled emulation
and the presently loaded emulation file may be using $0D for the newline video
function. Another possible cause is you may have used the I command to send a LF
after each CR and the other system is echoing your LF.

If you are receiving occasional double line feeds when the line extends all the
way to the right column, it may be caused by the display wrap. If the last
character in the line is in the last column, your display will wrap down to the
next line. When the other system sends the CR/LF marking the end of that line,
your display does a second line feed. This can be prevented if you prepare and
use an emulation file with display wrap OFF. There is another way you can solve
this. If the other system provides a choice of screen formatting, set formatting
off or set the format for one less column than your screen supports. For
example, if you have an 80-column screen, direct the other system to send you
text in a 79-column format.

If your screen is not displaying CR, but is displaying LF instead, it means the
other system is sending the LF character only without a CR. Prepare and use an
emulation file which uses the $0A character for the newline function. The
D200.EMU emulation file provides an example ofthis.

If your screen is not displaying LF, but is displaying CR, it means the other
system is sending the CR character only without a LF at the end of each line.
Prepare and use an emulation file which uses the $0D character for the newline
function. If the other system is sending text which is properly displayed on
your screen, but is not echoing your transmissions, it may be assuming you are
in half duplex. You may have accidentally directed the other system to use that
mode. Direct the other system to support you in the full-duplex mode or switch
your system into half duplex.


DISPLAY CHARACTER FILTER

If emulation is off, the video display will not respond to any control
characters except the following: CR, LF, bell and backspace. Essentiall yall
other control characters are ignored or filtered out by the video display. If
you wish to filter any of these four control characters out, or add some control
characters to support special video functions, prepare and use an emulation file
which responds only to those control characters you desire. The rub-out
character (hex $7F) will not be displayed if you have set "Capture nulls" to ON
with the INSTALL program.


CAPTURE CHARACTER FILTER

If the buffer is on, all received control characters except the null ($00) or
delete ($7F) character are captured in the buffer. Control characters are not
filtered out so an exact copy of the captured session can be replayed. If you
wish to remove certain control characters from the buffer before saving the
contents to disk, use the editor ^O command.

The null character is not captured if you have set the "Capture nulls" default
to NO with the INSTALL program unless they are part of a video terminal
emulation function. The rub-out character is not captured if you have set the
"Capture nulls" default to YES with the INSTALL program.


CHANGING SLOTS, DRIVES, OR PREFIXES

There is always one disk which is the presently active disk. This usually starts
out as the disk from which this program was booted. If you don't specify another
disk, all text file read and write operations will be made with this active
disk. Here is a summary of the several ways you may change the currently active
disk to another.

1) When you enter a filename or pathname, you may add the S# and/or D# suffixes
to change the active slot and/or drive.

2) From the terminal command mode, you may enter the DD# command to set the
active disk drive to number #.

3) If you enter the DC disk catalog command, enter with 1 or 2 immediately to
change the active disk number to 1 or 2.

4) With ProDOS, you can use the DP command and enter the prefix of the volume
you want. Don't forget to use the slash (/) character before a volume prefix.
Don't enter the null prefix.


RUNNING FROM PRODOS BASIC.SYSTIEM

The simplest way you can start the ProDOS version of MODEM MGR is to boot the
work disk. However, suppose you have booted ProDOS from another disk and you are
using the BASIC.SYSTEM. If you want to run MODEM MGR in the volume directory of
the work disk, enter -/MMGR/MMGR.SYSTEM. You may use the S# and/or D# options
instead to specify the slot and/or drive numbers of the work disk. For example,
suppose the /MMGR work disk is in slot 5, drive 1. You may use any of the
following sets of commands to run MODEM MGR.

-/MMGR/MMGR.SYSTEM

-MMGR.SYSTEM,S5,D1

PREFIX /MMGR
-MMGR.SYSTEM

PREFIX ,S5,D1
-MMGR.SYSTEM

If you use the first or second method, the current active prefix will not be
changed.


RUNNING FROM PRODOS SUBDIRECTORY

The preceding section applied if MODEM MGR and its program modules were in the
volume directory. The MODEM MGR programs can be transferred to a subdirectory.
All of the following programs must be in the same subdirectory:

     MMGR.SYSTEM
     MDP0
     MDP1
     MDP2
     MDP3
     MDP4
     MDPS
     MDPX

Suppose the programs are in the subdirectory
/BIGDISK/COMM/TELE/MMGR.SYSTEM  If BASIC.SYSTEM is active, enter the following
commands to start the program:

-/BIGDISK/COMM/TELE/MMGR.SYSTEM

If there is an active prefix, it will not be changed when MODEM MGR is started
this way. If there is a null prefix, the path to the MMGR.SYSTEM subdirectory
will become the active prefix. Due to space limitations, this program limits the
full prefix up to and including the subdirectory name to 57 characters or less.
Even if you use a partial pathname, the total number of characters including the
volume name and the leading slash (/) character must be 57 or less. If the
overall prefix is longer, an error message will appear when the program is
started.

You can also run MODEM MGR from a selector or dispatcher program provided the
program follows the Apple guidelines.


VIDEO DISPLAY RATE

This section discusses text display at high baud rates (9600 baud and above).

Although most direct-dial modems in current use operate at 300, 1200, or 2400
bps, faster modems are being introduced. This program was designed to support
modem bps rates up to and including 19200 bps. Although this program can receive
and send text at 19200 bps, the maximum bps rate at which text can be correctly
displayed on the video screen depends on the type of video card used and the
type of screen functions being displayed. Certain screen operations (like
clearing the screen or beeping the speaker with a control character in the text)
take more processor time than simply displaying a character. This program has an
input buffer to store received characters. This prevents loss of characters
received during a slow screen operation. However, the buffer has a finite size
(1024 bytes). If too many slow screen operations are performed in succession,
the buffer will overflow and the previous 1024 characters received will be lost.
Even when ordinary text is being displayed without special screen operations,
the use of a buffer cannot overcome the basic speed limitation of the video card
when characters are being received continuously at a faster rate than the video
device is capable of displaying. The only way to handle a non-stop flow of
received characters is to program the video display routines so they are faster
than the received character rate.

This program does not use the built-in video firmware routines for displaying
characters. The firmware routines were designed for compactness and not for
speed. Instead, this program accesses the video RAM and controller registers
(where applicable) directly. As a result, this program will receive and display
"ordinary" text at the following bps rates continuously (non-stop) without
losing characters:

Video card in expansion slot (full-screen):       19200 bps
Video card in expansion slot (split-screen):       7200 bps
Video card in auxiliary slot (full or split):      9600 bps
// 80-column (full or split):                      9600 bps                  

"Ordinary" text is defined here as 30 to 79 characters per line followed by a CR
and LF character. Note the video card in the expansion slot has the fastest
display capability in the full-screen mode, but the slowest display capability
in the split-screen mode.

The bps rates listed above are for continuous non-stop received text without
special screen functions. Usually text is not received continuously. The video
devices listed above can be used at 19200 bps if the transmitted text pauses at
intervals. It only takes a short pause for the video display to catch up. If
special screen functions occur, longer pauses are required.

If the transmitting system supports it, you can use XON/XOFF flow control for
text received at rates faster than your video display can handle. However, if
you are running a program on a remote system which uses the XON and XOFF
characters for other program commands, you will have some conflict.

The best way to determine whether MODEM MGR meets your high-speed display rate
requirements is to try it under worst-case operating conditions and see if you
lose any received characters. If the input buffer overflows, you will lose 1024
received characters, so the loss will be evident. If this happens, use the next
lower bps rate.


OTHER PROBLEMS

IF you have any of thefollowing problems:

1) Disk boots ok for a while but later does not boot reliably.
2) Disk boot halts with "UNABLE TO LOAD PRODOS" message.
3) ProDOS catalog is trashed.
4) Early ProDOS files have been overwritten by later files.

Always do the following:

a) Remove the disk before turning the computer on or off.
b) Remove the disk if you use Open-Apple/Control/Reset followed
   by Control/Reset to escape from a program.
c) If you always boot a disk by inserting the disk and latching the drive
   door after the drive is running and the head is homed, you
   may cause excessive cumulative head loading stress on track zero.

If you have any of the following problems:

1) Program bombs into monitor (* displayed).
2) Error message "INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND RESTART -ERR 01".
3) Program hangs until Control/Reset is typed.

You may have one of the following conditions:

a) Intermittent seating of computer or card IC in socket.
b) Power supply overload (too many powerhog cards).
c) Modem passes transient voltage spike to computer during pulse dialing,
   hangup, or raising of hookswitch.
d) Common-mode voltage spike from telephone lines is passed through modem to
   computer.
e) Computer, modem, and/or telephone circuits are not properly grounded.
f) Voltage spike from heavy machinery, radio transmitter, etc.


ACCELERATOR CARD

If you have an accelerator card, disable it when you run MODEM MGR. This program
uses clock cycles to set delay loops used in dialing, macro commands, protocol
transfers, and accessing hardware card registers. Although the program may
appear to work with an accelerator card, there will be some subtle failures
caused by the reduced delay periods.